Tom+H

Iron Ore, Coke and Limestone are the three main things used to make Iron. China, Brazil, Australia and India are the countries where most of the raw materials come from. They are transpotrted by cargo ships. The raw materials are processed before used so all the rust and unwanted produce is removed. The produce is burnt so much it just diminishes in thin air. These raw materials contain elements which help to create iron. ** Much is said nowadays about the consequences of human activity for the environment. **** What can you say about the ecological effects of using these raw materials (for the country where they come from and for the means of transportation)? ** I think that the atmosphere will be getting serously polluted by the production of coke and the transportation of the produce. They could try to balance out the pollution by growing trees and using eco-friendly methods of transporting the goods. Scrap is used because it is easy to get a hold of, there is a large supply of it and it is a good produce of iron.
 * __ Corus Project – Chapter 1 __**
 * What are the main three raw materials used to make iron? **
 * Where do the raw materials come from and how are they transported to the plant? **
 * How and why are the raw materials processed before they are used in the blast furnace? **
 * What role does each of these three raw materials play in the iron-making process? **
 * How can the bad side effects be reduced? **
 * Why is scrap used? **

**__ Corus Project – Chapter 2 __** Fe – 94.9kg C – 4.55kg Si – 0.25kg Mn – 0.3kg Mass of Iron: 94.9 x 0.02 = 1.898kg Mass of Carbon: 4.55 x 0.02 = 0.091kg Mass of Silicon: 0.25 x 0.02 = 0.005kg Mass of Manganese: 0.3 x 0.02 = 0.006kg Steel produced in Iron: 94.9 x 0.98 = 93kg Steel produced in Carbon: 0.05 X 4.55 = 0.23Kg Mass of carbon oxidised = 4.55 -0.23 = 4.32Kg Steel produced in Manganese: 0.3 x 0.1 = 0.03kg All of the silicon was oxsidised. From Iron: 4.3 X 1.898 = 8.1614 From Carbon: 11.7 X 4.5 = 52.65 From Silicon: 33.9 X 0.25 = 8.475 From Manganese: 7.4 X 0.2 = 1.48
 * Elements that are oxidised: **
 * Amount of each element oxidised in proccess: **
 * Amount of kg of steel are produced from each element: **
 * Amount of energy that is genearted during the proccess: **
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">An average Dutch household uses 2000 m3 natural gas a year (for heating, cooking etc). Combustion of natural gas produces 32 MJ/m3. **

32 X 2000= 64000 MJ
 * How much energy is used in natural gas a year per household? **

64000/70.7664= 904.4 kg
 * The energy produced from how many kg of hot metal is equivalent to the energy used in natural gas of one household? **

If 45% of the heat generated by the C combustions will leave the process through the waste gasses what will be the temperature of the liquid steel? ** 2083.5 degrees Celsius
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The combustions of Carbon generated carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide which leave the process as waste gasses. **

1395700 / 1000 = 1395.7Kj
 * If we want to melt 1 kg of scrap and heat it to 1650°C how much energy is required? **

19.9kg
 * How many kg of scrap can be melted with the 100 kg of hot metal making steel of 1650°C? **

113.1kg
 * How many kg of steel are produced? **

263 .7 tons of hot metal 56.3 tons of scrap
 * If we want to make 320 tons of this steel how many tons of hot metal and scrap are required? **

320 divided by 7 = 45.7m cubed
 * How many cubic meters of steel are that? **

The surface of the bottom of the ladle is π r². Therefore: 3.1415 X 2² = 3.1415 X 4 = 12.56 cm squared. (Bottom surface of ladle) The volume form our last question was 45.71m cubed. Height of cylinder = 45.71 / 12.56 = 3.69m cubed. Thus the height of the ladle must be 3.69m + 0.5m for spillage= 4.14
 * Suppose a steel ladle has an internal diameter of 4 meters. What is the required height of the ladle if the steel surface must be 50 cm below the top of the ladle? **