rob,Jacko,Tomandsam

Adam Jackson(jacko1994) Rob Lewis(imnotfatitsjustbigbones) Sam Wigley(wigley94) Tom Lowther(tomlowther) __ Chapter 1 Raw Materials __ ** > The 3 main materials used to make iron are oxygen, coke, and limestone. > Iron ore is mined from the ground and it is transported mainly by boat or by train. > It is coke that must be “produced” before going in the blast furnace to make iron. > The coke burns in the air to produce heat and reacts to form carbon monoxide. Limestone helps to remove acidic impurities from the iron by reacting with them to form molten slag. Air allows the coke to burn, and so produces heat and carbon monoxide. > **What can you say about the ecological effects of using these raw materials (for the country where they come from and for the means of transportation)?** > The ecological effects of using raw materials is that more fule is used for transportation. this fuel consumption could be reduced if the product of the raw materials was made in the same country as where the raw mateials come from. This could use less fuel and stop harmfull gasses being released into the atmosphere.  The bad side effects can be reduced by reducing the amount of transportation used. This can include not transferring goods from China to England andonly transferring them from Scotland or Europe etc. This will benefit all as costs can be reduced and the pollution can also be reduced.  **__Chapter 2 Converter Calculation__**  ** So how many Kg of steel produced from the 100Kg mixture? ** 98% of Fe becomes steel (2%) oxidised. So, 0.98 X 94.9Kg = **__= 93Kg__** • 0.05% of the carbon becomes steel = 0.05 X 4.55 = 0.23Kg (Rest Ox) • So, mass of carbon oxidised = 4.55 -0.23 = 4.32Kg0.1% of Mn becomes steel = 0.1 X 0.3Kg = 0.03Kg (0.27Kg Oxidised) • à Total steel produced: 93 + 0.23 + 0.03 = **__93.26Kg.__** ** Amount of energy generated from oxidation? ** From Fe: 4.3 X 1.898 = From C: 11.7 X 4.5 = From Si: 33.9 X 0.25 = From Mn: 7.4 X 0.2 =Add all 4 figures to give total = **__70.6Mj__**  ** How much energy is used per year for a Dutch Household? ** 2000 x 32 = 64,000MJ (Mega Joules) **__ Chapter 2 Part 2 __** If 45% of the heat generated by the reaction is lost when the waste gases carbon dioxide & monoxide leave, what will the remaining temperature of the hot metal mixture be? <span style="font-size: 8pt; color: #fc3131; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">You must remember: <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-list: Ignore; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontfamily: Symbol;">· <span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">45% of the heat generated is lost as a waste gas( carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide) <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-list: Ignore; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontfamily: Symbol;">· <span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">1kg of carbon is oxidised it generates 11.7Mj (Megajules) of energy <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-list: Ignore; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontfamily: Symbol;">· <span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Out of 4.55kg of carbon in the mixture 0.05kg becomes part of the steel and 4.5kg is oxidised <span style="font-size: 8pt; color: #fc3131; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Calculation of the energy not lost: <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-list: Ignore; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontfamily: Symbol;">· <span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">4.5kg(Carbon)x 11.7Mj = 52.65Mj of energy <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-list: Ignore; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontfamily: Symbol;">· <span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">As 45% leaves as waste energy only 55% of energy is kept. 0.55(55% of energy kept) x 52.65Mj = 28.96Mj remaining by carbon. <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-list: Ignore; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontfamily: Symbol;">· <span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">When **all** oxidisation occurs (including Iron (Fe) Silicon (Si) and Manganese (Mn)) there was 70.76Mj of energy released. <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-list: Ignore; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontfamily: Symbol;">· <span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">So the energy released from Iron, Silicon and Manganese is 18.11Mj <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-list: Ignore; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontfamily: Symbol;">· <span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">With the energy produced from the carbon that is not lost and the energy not lost from Iron, Silicon and Manganese the total amount of energy = 18.11 + 28.96 = 47.07Mj of energy <span style="font-size: 8pt; color: #fc3131; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Calculation of temperature increase: <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-list: Ignore; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontfamily: Symbol;">· <span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">So we have carried 47.07Mj of energy <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-list: Ignore; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontfamily: Symbol;">· <span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Starting temperature of mixture is 1350 degrees Celsius <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-list: Ignore; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontfamily: Symbol;">· <span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">47.07Mj = 47070000j(Jules) of energy <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-list: Ignore; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontfamily: Symbol;">· <span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">47,070,000j / 690 (the energy needed to heat 1kg of steel by 1 degree)= 682,174( the temperature increase if there is only 1kg of steel) <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-list: Ignore; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontfamily: Symbol;">· <span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">But there are 93 kg of steel therefore 682,174 / 93(kg) = **733.5 degrees** increase in the blast furnace. <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-list: Ignore; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontfamily: Symbol;">· <span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">So the overall temperature = 1350(starting temperature)+**733.5** = **2083.5 degrees Celsius**
 * <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">__Our Group:__
 * ** What are the main three raw materials used to make iron? **
 * ** Where do the raw materials come from and how are they transported to the plant? **
 * ** How and why are the raw materials processed before they are used in the blast furnace? **
 * ** What role does each of these three raw materials play in the iron-making process? **
 * ** Much is said nowadays about the consequences of human activity for the environment. **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <span style="color: #211c1c; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msoansilanguage: EN-GB;">** How can the bad side effects be reduced? **

**__If we want to melt 1kg of scrap and heat it to 1650degrees Celsius how much energy is required??__** The starting temperature of the scrap is originally 20 degrees Celsius. This means we need to increase the scrap by 1630 degrees Celsius because 1650-20=1630. The energy required to increase 1kg of metal by 1 degree Celsius is 690j. Therefore we will have to increase the 1630degrees Celsius by 690j 1630x690=1124700j But we need to take the metal through a melting point so that it is taken to the right temperature. Energy needed to melt 1kg=271000j Therefore the energy needed to melt and the energy need to heat is the total amount of energy needed to increase scrap metal to 1650 degrees. 1124700j + 271000 = 1395700j of energy. ** __How many Kg of scrap can be melted with the 100kg of hot metal making steel of 1650 degrees Celsius?__ ** From the original reaction the total energy generated was 70.76mj Due to the energy lost through hot gases (23.69mj) we lose a bit of the energy 70.76 – 23.69 = 47.07Mj of energy left. Also lots of the energy was used so we lost even more 47.07 – 19.28 = 27.79Mj Now to find the amount of scrap we must divide the energy need to melt 1kg of scrap (1.39Mj) Therefore 27.79 / 1.39 = 19.9kg of scrap can be melted with the 100kg of hot metal making steel of 1650 degrees Celsius **__How many kg of steel are produced?__** From 100kg of the mixture we can make 93.2kg of steel. Also we could ass the scrap metal of 19.9kg making the final total 113.1kg of steel. If we want to make 320 tons of this steel how many tons of hot metal and scrap are required? If we can make 113.1kg of steel from 100kg of mixture and 19.9kg of scrap we can work this out. 320/113.1= 2.829*93.2=263.7 tons of hot metal needed to make it. 320/113.1=2.829*19.9=56.3 tons of scrap needed. 263.7+56.3= 320

How many cubic meters of steel has been made? 320 tons has density of 7000kg / m cubed. There is 1000kg in 1 ton. So the mass of the steel is 7 ton / metre cubed. **__ Volume = 320 / 7 = 45.7m cubed __**